What does a physical data model illustrate?

A physical data model illustrates how data are stored within the database. It represents the actual implementation of the database structure, including the specific data types, constraints, and relationships that can be applied directly to a database system. The focus is on the details of how data is organized and stored, such as tables, indexes, and access methods, which are essential for effective data management and retrieval.

This modeling layer is crucial for database administrators and developers, as it translates logical design and requirements into a technical blueprint that guides the construction and maintenance of the database. Such detailed modeling ensures that the system can efficiently handle the expected data loads and access patterns, providing the foundation for a well-functioning information system that supports organizational operations.